“The recent crises have indeed showed us how crucial to have energy diversity," said Turkey's environmental minister. "You should not be dependent on one single energy source.”

HSBC Holdings’ near-term climate risk assessment looks “excessively optimistic,” said investment managers.

As quantum computers advance, they are expected to be able to break tried-and-true security schemes that currently keep most sensitive data secure from attackers. Scientists and policymakers are working to design and implement post-quantum cryptography to defend against these future attacks.

MIT researchers have developed an ultra-efficient microchip that can bring post-quantum cryptography techniques to wireless biomedical devices, like pacemakers and insulin pumps. Such wearable, ingestible, or implantable devices are usually too power-constrained to implement these computationally demanding security protocols.

Their tiny chip, which is about the size of a very fine needle tip, also includes built-in protections against physical hacking attempts that can bypass encryption to steal user data, such as a patient’s social security number or device credentials. Compared to prior designs, the new technology is more than an order of magnitude more energy-efficient.

In the long run, the new chip could enable next-generation wireless medical devices to maintain strong security even as quantum computing becomes more prevalent. In addition, it could be applied to many types of resource-constrained edge devices, like industrial sensors and smart inventory tags.

“Tiny edge devices are everywhere, and biomedical devices are often the most vulnerable attack targets because power constraints prevent them from having the most advanced levels of security. We’ve demonstrated a very practical hardware solution to secure the privacy of patients,” says Seoyoon Jang, an MIT electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) graduate student and lead author of a paper on the chip.

Jang is joined on the paper by Saurav Maji PhD ’23; visiting scholar Rashmi Agrawal; EECS graduate students Hyemin Stella Lee and Eunseok Lee; Giovanni Traverso, an associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, a gastroenterologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and an associate member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; and senior author Anantha Chandrakasan, MIT provost and the Vannevar Bush Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. The research was recently presented at the IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference.

Stronger security

A large percentage of wireless biomedical devices, like ingestible biosensors for health monitoring, currently lack strong protection due to the computational demands of existing security protocols, Jang says.

But the complexity of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) can increase power consumption by two or three orders of magnitude.

Implementing PQC is of paramount importance, since regulatory bodies like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) will soon begin phasing out traditional cryptography protocols in favor of stronger PQC algorithms. In addition, some industry leaders believe rapid advances in quantum hardware make PQC implementation even more urgent.

To bring these power-hungry PQC protocols to wireless biomedical devices, the MIT researchers designed a customized microchip, known as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), that greatly reduces energy overhead while guaranteeing the highest level of security.

“PQC is very secure algorithmically, but making a device resilient against physical attacks usually requires additional countermeasures that pump up the energy consumption at least two or three times. We want our chip to be robust to both security threats in a very lightweight manner,” Jang says.

A multi-pronged approach

To accomplish these goals, the researchers incorporated several design features into the chip.

First, they implemented two different PQC schemes to enhance robustness and “future-proof” their device in case one scheme is later proven to be insecure. To boost energy efficiency, they applied techniques that enable the PQC algorithms to share as much of the chip’s computational resources as possible.

Second, the researchers designed a highly efficient, on-chip true random number generator. This device continually generates random numbers to use for secret keys, which is essential to implement PQC.

Their on-chip design improves energy efficiency and security over standard approaches that usually receive random numbers from an external chip.

Third, they implemented countermeasures that prevent a type of physical hacking attempt, called a power side-channel attack, but only on the most vulnerable parts of the PQC protocols.

In power side-channel attacks, hackers steal secret information by analyzing the power consumption of a device while it processes data. The MIT researchers added just enough redundancy to the PQC operations to ensure the chip is protected from these types of attacks.

Fourth, they designed an early fault-detection mechanism so the chip will abort operations early if it detects a voltage glitch.

Wireless biomedical devices often have erratic power supplies, so they are susceptible to glitches that can cause an entire security procedure to fail. The MIT approach saves energy by stopping the chip from running a doomed procedure to completion.

“At the end of the day, because of the techniques we utilized, we can apply these post-quantum cryptography primitives while adding nothing to the overhead, with the added benefit of robustness to side-channel attacks,” Jang says.

Their device achieved between 20 to 60 times higher energy efficiency than all other PQC security techniques they compared it to, with a more compact area than many existing chips.

“As we transition into post-quantum approaches, providing strong security for even the most resource-limited devices is essential. This work shows that robust cryptographic protection for biomedical and edge devices can be achieved alongside energy efficiency and programmability,” says Chandrakasan.

In the future, the researchers want to apply these techniques to other vulnerable applications and energy-constrained devices.

This research was funded, in part, by the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health.

Four MIT faculty members are among the roughly 250 leaders from academia, the arts, industry, public policy, and research elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the academy announced April 22. Thirteen additional MIT alumni were also honored.

One of the nation’s most prestigious honorary societies, the academy is also a leading center for independent policy research. Members contribute to academy publications, as well as studies of science and technology policy, energy and global security, social policy and American institutions, the humanities and culture, and education.

MIT faculty elected from MIT in 2026 are:

• Isaiah Andrews PhD ’14,  Charles E. and Susan T. Harris Professor of Economics;
• David Atkin, Barton L. Weller (1940) Professor of Economics;
• Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics; and
• Benjamin Paul Weiss, Robert R. Shrock Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences

MIT alumni elected this year include Mark Aguiar PhD ’99 (Economics); Mark G. Allen SM ’86, PhD ’89 (Chemical Engineering); Magdalena Balazinska PhD ’06 (EECS); Keren Bergman SM ’91, PhD ’94 (EECS); Sara Cherry PhD ’00 (Biology); Cynthia J. Ebinger SM ’86, PhD ’88 (EAPS); Charles L. Epstein ’78 (Mathematics); Shanhui Fan PhD ’97 (Physics); Atif Mian ’96, PhD ’01 (Mathematics with Computer Science and Economics); Sarah E. O'Connor PhD ’01 (Chemistry); Darryll J. Pines SM ’88, PhD ’92 (Mechanical Engineering); Phillip (Terry) Ragon ’72 (Physics); and Mansour Shayegan ’79, EE ’81, SM ’81, PhD ’83 (Electrical Engineering).

“We celebrate the achievement of each new member and the collective breadth and depth of their excellence – this is a fitting commemoration of the nation’s 250th anniversary,” said Academy President Laurie Patton.

Since its founding in 1780, the academy has elected leading thinkers from each generation, including George Washington and Benjamin Franklin in the 18th century, Maria Mitchell and Daniel Webster in the 19th century, and Toni Morrison and Albert Einstein in the 20th century. The current membership includes more than 250 Nobel and Pulitzer Prize winners.

Confidence is persuasive. In artificial intelligence systems, it is often misleading.

Today's most capable reasoning models share a trait with the loudest voice in the room: They deliver every answer with the same unshakable certainty, whether they're right or guessing. Researchers at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) have now traced that overconfidence to a specific flaw in how these models are trained, and developed a method that fixes it without giving up any accuracy.

The technique, called RLCR (Reinforcement Learning with Calibration Rewards), trains language models to produce calibrated confidence estimates alongside their answers. In addition to coming up with an answer, the model thinks about its uncertainty in that answer, and outputs a confidence score. In experiments across multiple benchmarks, RLCR reduced calibration error by up to 90 percent while maintaining or improving accuracy, both on the tasks the model was trained on and on entirely new ones it had never seen. The work will be presented at the International Conference on Learning Representations later this month.

The problem traces to a surprisingly simple source. The reinforcement learning (RL) methods behind recent breakthroughs in AI reasoning, including the training approach used in systems like OpenAI's o1, reward models for getting the right answer, and penalize them for getting it wrong. Nothing in between. A model that arrives at the correct answer through careful reasoning receives the same reward as one that guesses correctly by chance. Over time, this trains models to confidently answer every question they are asked, whether they have strong evidence or are effectively flipping a coin.

That overconfidence has consequences. When models are deployed in medicine, law, finance, or any setting where users make decisions based on AI outputs, a system that expresses high confidence regardless of its actual certainty becomes unreliable in ways that are difficult to detect from the outside. A model that says "I'm 95 percent sure" when it is right only half the time is more dangerous than one that simply gets the answer wrong, because users have no signal to seek a second opinion.

"The standard training approach is simple and powerful, but it gives the model no incentive to express uncertainty or say I don’t know," says Mehul Damani, an MIT PhD student and co-lead author on the paper. "So the model naturally learns to guess when it is unsure." 

RLCR addresses this by adding a single term to the reward function: a Brier score, a well-established measure that penalizes the gap between a model's stated confidence and its actual accuracy. During training, models learn to reason about both the problem and their own uncertainty, producing an answer and a confidence estimate together. Confidently wrong answers are penalized. So are unnecessarily uncertain correct ones.

The math backs it up: the team proved formally that this type of reward structure guarantees models that are both accurate and well-calibrated. They then tested the approach on a 7-billion-parameter model across a range of question-answering and math benchmarks, including six datasets the model had never been trained on.

The results showed a consistent pattern. Standard RL training actively degraded calibration compared to the base model, making models worse at estimating their own uncertainty. RLCR reversed that effect, substantially improving calibration with no loss in accuracy. The method also outperformed post-hoc approaches, in which a separate classifier is trained to assign confidence scores after the fact. "What’s striking is that ordinary RL training doesn't just fail to help calibration. It actively hurts it," says Isha Puri, an MIT PhD student and co-lead author. "The models become more capable and more overconfident at the same time."

The team also demonstrated that the confidence estimates produced by RLCR are practically useful at inference time. When models generate multiple candidate answers, selecting the one with the highest self-reported confidence, or weighting votes by confidence in a majority-voting scheme, improves both accuracy and calibration as compute scales.

An additional finding suggests that the act of reasoning about uncertainty itself has value. The researchers trained classifiers on model outputs and found that including the model's explicit uncertainty reasoning in the input improved the classifier's performance, particularly for smaller models. The model's self-reflective reasoning about what it does and doesn’t know contains real information, not just decoration.

In addition to Damani and Puri, other authors on the paper are Stewart Slocum, Idan Shenfeld, Leshem Choshen, and senior authors Jacob Andreas and Yoon Kim.

When we use the internet, we're entrusting tech companies with some of our most private information. These companies have promised they'll keep our data safe. But what happens when the government comes knocking at their doors? In our latest EFFector newsletter, we hear from an EFF client whose data was given to ICE after Google broke its promise to him.

JOIN OUR NEWSLETTER

For over 35 years, EFFector has been your guide to understanding the intersection of technology, civil liberties, and the law. This latest issue covers the ongoing fight to reform NSA surveillance, the many attempts to censor 3D printing, and the cost of Google's broken promise to its users.

Prefer to listen in? EFFector is now available on all major podcast platforms. This time, we're chatting with EFF Senior Staff Attorney F. Mario Trujillo about how state attorneys general can hold Google accountable for failing to protect users targeted by the government. You can find the episode and subscribe on your podcast platform of choice:

%3Ciframe%20height%3D%22200px%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20frameborder%3D%22no%22%20scrolling%3D%22no%22%20seamless%3D%22%22%20src%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fplayer.simplecast.com%2Feb78b9d6-fbcf-453f-b55e-77c575b638ef%3Fdark%3Dfalse%22%20allow%3D%22autoplay%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E Privacy info. This embed will serve content from simplecast.com

   

Want to help us hold companies accountable? Sign up for EFF's EFFector newsletter for updates, ways to take action, and new merch drops. You can also fuel the fight for privacy and free speech online when you support EFF today!

Agencies Ignored EFF’s Public-Records Requests Regarding Unlawful Efforts to Locate People Who Criticized the Government or Attended Protests.

SAN FRANCISCO – The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) sued the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) today demanding public records about their use of administrative subpoenas to try to identify their online critics.

Court records and news reports show that in the past year, DHS has used administrative subpoenas to unmask or locate people who have documented ICE's activities in their community, criticized the government, or attended protests. The subpoenas are sent to technology companies to demand information about internet users who are often engaged in protected First Amendment activity.

These subpoenas are dangerous because they don’t require judges’ approval. But they are also unlawful, and the government knows it. When a few users challenged them in court with the help of American Civil Liberties Union affiliates in Northern California and Pennsylvania, DHS withdrew them rather than waiting for a decision.

DHS and ICE have ignored EFF’s public-records requests for documents about the processes behind these subpoenas, so EFF sued Wednesday in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.

“DHS and ICE should not be able to first claim that they have the legal authority to unmask critics and then run from court when users challenge these administrative subpoenas,” said EFF Deputy Legal Director Aaron Mackey. “The public deserves to know what laws the agencies believe give them the power to issue these speech-chilling subpoenas.”

An administrative subpoena cannot be used to obtain the content of communications, but they have been used to try and obtain some basic subscriber information like name, address, IP address, length of service, and session times. If a technology company refuses to comply, an agency’s only recourse is to drop it or go to court and try to convince a judge that the request is lawful.

EFF and the ACLU of Northern California in February ​wrote to Amazon, Apple, Discord, Google, Meta, Microsoft, Reddit, SNAP, TikTok, and X​ to ask that they insist on court intervention and an order before complying with a DHS subpoena; give users as much notice as possible when they are the target of a subpoena, so the users can seek help; and resist gag orders that would prevent the companies from notifying users who are targets of subpoenas.

And EFF last week ​asked California’s and New York’s attorneys general to investigate Google​ for deceptive trade practices for breaking ​its promise​ to notify users before handing their data to law enforcement, citing the case of a doctoral student who was targeted with an ICE subpoena after briefly attending a pro-Palestine protest.

EFF in early March filed public-records requests with DHS and ICE for their policies, procedures, guidelines, directives, memos, and legal analyses supporting such use of administrative subpoenas. EFF also requested all Inspector General or oversight records, all approval and issuance procedures for the subpoenas, all records reflecting how many such subpoenas have been issued, all communications with technology companies concerning these demands, all communications regarding specific named targets or programs, and all communications with the Department of Justice regarding such subpoenas.

DHS and ICE have not responded, even though EFF requested expedited processing of its requests, which requires agencies to get back to requesters within 10 days.

“The policies, directives, and authorization records governing the program have not been disclosed,” the complaint notes. “The legal basis asserted by DHS and ICE for using a customs statute to compel disclosure of information about persons engaged in constitutionally protected speech and association has not been made public.”

For the complaint: https://www.eff.org/document/eff-v-dhs-ice-administrative-subpoenas-complaint

For EFF’s letter urging tech companies to protect users: ​https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/02/open-letter-tech-companies-protect-your-users-lawless-dhs-subpoenas​

For EFF’s letter urging state probes of Google: ​https://www.eff.org/press/releases/eff-state-ags-investigate-googles-broken-promise-users-targeted-government​

Tags: free speechprivacyanonymityDHSICEContact:  AaronMackey Deputy Legal Director/Free Speech and Transparency Litigation Directoramackey@eff.org

ICE has admitted that it uses spyware from the Israeli company Graphite.

A "carbon-intelligent computing" tool has come in handy as the tech giant negotiates with utilities to connect data centers to the grid.

Officials from a shuttered climate and health office offer a postmortem about the limits of their work in a Democratic administration in the hopes of continuing their efforts under a future president.

A new analysis shows the state's vital infrastructure such as power plants and police stations is highly exposed to flood damage.

The shift could affect glacier mass and freshwater resources depended on by large numbers of people.

The research has already led to some conclusions that strengthened California's fire code.

The U.S. is the second-largest market for long-lasting energy storage and is expected to ramp up deployments later this decade.

Wind is gathering interest in India due to its ability to meet high demand in the evening and early morning, when solar power is absent.

Citing skyrocketing prices, members of parliament from across the aisle want the institution’s plenary sessions to be held in Brussels.

The Japan Meteorological Agency will use the term “kokushobi,” which means “severely hot day,” to “effectively raise awareness and encourage caution” among the public.

The next time you find yourself lulled by the patter of rain outside your window, think how that same sprinkle might sound if you were a tiny seed planted directly below a free-falling droplet. Would you still be similarly soothed?

In fact, MIT engineers have found the opposite to be the case: Some seeds may come alive to the sound of rain. In experiments with rice seeds, the team found that the sound of falling droplets effectively shook the seeds out of a dormant state, stimulating them to germinate at a faster rate compared with seeds that were not exposed to the same sound vibrations.

The team’s findings, which are published today in the journal Scientific Reports, are the first direct evidence that plant seeds and seedlings can sense sounds in nature. Their experiments involved rice seeds that they submerged in shallow water. Rice can germinate in both soil and shallow water. The researchers suspect that many similar seed types may also respond to the sound of rain.

The team worked out a hypothesis to explain how the seeds might be doing this. They found that when a raindrop hits the surface of a puddle or the ground, it generates a sound wave that makes the surroundings vibrate, including any shallowly submerged seeds. These vibrations can be strong enough to dislodge a seed’s “statoliths,” which are tiny gravity-sensing organelles within certain cells of a seed. When these statoliths are jostled, their movement is a signal for seeds and seedlings to grow and sprout.

“What this study is saying is that seeds can sense sound in ways that can help them survive,” says study author Nicholas Makris, a professor of mechanical engineering at MIT. “The energy of the rain sound is enough to accelerate a seed’s growth.”

Makris and his co-author, Cadine Navarro, a former graduate student in MIT’s Department of Urban Studies and Planning, suspect that the sound of rain is similar to the vibrations generated by other natural phenomena such as wind. They plan to follow up this work to investigate other natural vibrations and sounds plants may perceive.

Sound vibration

Plants are surprisingly perceptive. To help them survive, plants have evolved to sense and respond to stimuli in their surroundings. Some plants snap shut when touched, while others curl inward when exposed to toxic smells. And of course, most plants respond to light, reaching toward the sun to help them grow.

Plants can also sense gravity. A plant’s roots grow down, while its shoots push up against gravity’s pull. One way that plants sense and respond to gravity is through their statoliths. Statoliths are denser than a cell’s cytoplasm and can drift and sink through the cell, like a bit of sand in a jar of water. When a statolith finally settles to the bottom, its resting place on the cell’s membrane is a reflection of gravity’s direction and a signal for where a seed’s root or shoot should grow. If the statolith is dislodged, scientists have found that this can also trigger the seed to grow more.

Makris, whose work focuses on acoustics across a range of disciplines, became curious when Navarro asked him questions about seeds and sound. They wondered: Could sound be enough to jostle the statoliths and stimulate a seed to grow? And if so, what sounds in nature could be strong enough to have such an effect?

“I went back to look at work done by colleagues in the 1980s, who measured the sound of rain underwater. If you check, you’ll see it’s much greater than in the air,” Makris says. “It has to do with the fact that water is denser than air, so the same drop makes larger pressure waves underwater. So if you’re a seed that’s within a few centimeters of a raindrop’s impact, the kind of sound pressures that you would experience in water or in the ground are equivalent to what you’d be subject to within a few meters of a jet engine in the air.”

Such rain-induced soundwaves, Makris and Navarro suspected, might be enough to jostle statoliths and subsequently stimulate a seed’s growth.

Connecting a droplet’s dots

To test this idea, the researchers carried out experiments with rice seeds, which naturally grow in shallow watery fields. Over a large number of repeated experiments, the team submerged roughly 8,000 individual seeds of rice in shallow tubs of water and exposed sections of them to dripping water. The seeds were placed sufficiently far away from the falling droplets that only sound waves would reach them. The team varied the size and height of each water droplet to mimic raindrops during light, moderate, and heavy rainstorms.

The sound of rain, recorded by MIT researchers from underwater, within a rain puddle in Massachusetts during a moderate to heavy rainstorm. 
Credit: Courtesy of the researchers

They also used a hydrophone to measure the acoustic vibrations created underwater by the water droplets. They compared these measurements to recordings they took in the field, such as in puddles, ponds, wetlands, and soils during rainstorms. The comparisons confirmed that their water droplets in the lab were generating rain-induced acoustic vibrations as in nature.

As they observed the rice seeds, the researchers found that the groups of seeds that were exposed to the sound of water were able to germinate 30 to 40 percent faster than the seed groups that were not exposed to rain sounds but were otherwise in identical conditions. They also found that seeds that were closer to the surface could better sense the droplets’ sounds and grow faster, compared to more submerged or more distant seeds.

These experiments showed that there is a connection between the sound of a water droplet and a seed’s ability to grow. The researchers propose that there may be a biological advantage to seeds that can sense rain: If they are close enough to the surface to respond to the sound of rain, they are likely at an optimal depth to soak up moisture and safely grow to the surface.

The team then worked out calculations to see whether the physical vibrations of the droplets would be enough to jostle the seeds’ microscopic statoliths. If so, this would point to the mechanism by which sound can directly stimulate a plant’s growth.

In their calculations, the researchers factored in a rain droplet’s size and terminal velocity (the constant speed that a falling object eventually reaches), and worked out the amplitude of sound vibration the droplet would generate. From this, they determined to what degree these vibrations in water or soil would displace, or shake a submerged or buried seed, and how a shaking seed would affect microscopic statoliths within individual cells.

Makris and Navarro found that the experiments they performed on rice seeds were consistent with their calculations: The sound of rain can indeed dislodge and jostle a seed’s statoliths. This mechanism is likely at the root of a plant’s ability to “sense” the sound of rain and grow in response.

“Brilliant research has been done around the world to reveal the mechanisms behind the ability of plants to sense gravity,” Makris notes. “Our study has shown that these same mechanisms seem to be providing plant seeds a means of perceiving submergence depths in the soil or water that are beneficial to their survival by sensing the sound of rain. It gives new meaning to the fourth Japanese microseason, entitled ‘Falling rain awakens the soil.’”

This work was supported, in part, by the MIT Bose Fellowship and the MIT Koch Chair.

Nature Climate Change, Published online: 22 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41558-026-02615-y

It is important to assess the gap between national climate ambitions and the goal of limiting global temperature increase. This multi-model analysis shows that if net-zero pledges are implemented, meeting the 2 °C target is feasible, while increasing ambition and international cooperation is crucial.

MIT Comparative Media Studies/Writing Professor T.L. Taylor has been named a 2026-27 fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University (CASBS), a highly selective residential program that convenes scholars from a wide range of disciplines for a year of focused research, collaborative exchange, and intellectual engagement.

Professor Taylor — an ethnographer whose work sits at the intersection of sociology; media studies; and science, technology, and society — will be focusing on her current project exploring the rise of “immersion” in physical spaces as a contemporary cultural pursuit. While new entertainment undertakings like The Sphere in Las Vegas, interactive theater like Sleep No More, or Meow Wolf’s growing list of city-based immersive art projects have captured popular attention, Taylor’s project turns to their progenitor, a much older, more widespread instantiation of the immersive experience — the theme park.

Building on fieldwork undertaken over the last several years in Disney parks around the world, as well as interviews with both designers and attendees, she will be working on a new book that examines theme parks as sitting at the analytically rich intersection of design, infrastructure, and play. Extending her influential work on digital environments and online communities, this project bridges from game and virtual world studies to an examination of physical, immersive environments.

As in her prior work, Taylor treats leisure as an area of study worth taking seriously. Not dissimilar to gaming, there is a tendency to underestimate, or simply dismiss, the economic and cultural significance of these environments. In 2025, theme parks worldwide boasted 976 million visitors and the Walt Disney Co.’s “Experiences” division alone reported $10 billion in profit last year. Spaces of play and experiential engagement also regularly embody some of our most pressing contemporary conversations. Theme parks, she notes, are “at the heart of economic and media systems, technological development, and cultural imaginaries despite — like video games before them — often being dismissed as peripheral to ‘serious’ matters.”

The fellowship project frames theme parks as simultaneously operating on several levels: intentionally designed worlds “that invite people to step into them,” socio-technical infrastructures “meant to facilitate affective, embodied experience,” and as “playgrounds” that sometimes afford participation beyond corporate control and governance.

At the center of the work is a tension familiar from digital environments. “You invite people into a designed space,” she says, “but what happens when emergent culture collides with expectations of use?” One of the most interesting examples of this tension she has encountered in her fieldwork, for example, is of fan-organized live-action role-play within a theme park, a moment in which the environment functions as a playground for emergent experience within an otherwise tightly controlled commercial frame.

The CASBS fellowship will offer Taylor the time and intellectual cross-pollination needed to best situate, and even challenge, her new work. The program’s interdisciplinary cohort is drawn from across the social sciences, humanities, law, health, and other fields; it includes 36 scholars from 30 institutions. “It’s an amazing opportunity to work through the data and write in a really vibrant setting where conversation and cross-disciplinary engagement is at the heart of the experience” she says.