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SEC set to launch landmark climate rule, sparking legal blitz

ClimateWire News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 10:12am
The rule represents one of the biggest overhauls of U.S. corporate reporting in years and is a legacy-defining effort for SEC Chair Gary Gensler.

New exhibits showcase trailblazing MIT women

MIT Latest News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 10:00am

This spring, two new exhibits on campus are shining a light on the critical contributions of pathbreaking women at the Institute. They are part of MIT Libraries’ Women@MIT Archival Initiative in the Department of Distinctive Collections. Launched in 2017, the initiative not only adds to the historical record by collecting and preserving the papers of MIT-affiliated women, it shares their lives and work with global audiences through exhibits, multimedia projects, educational materials, and more.

Under the Lens

“Under the Lens: Women Biologists and Chemists at MIT 1865-2024,” examines the work of women in science and engineering at MIT beginning with Ellen Swallow Richards, the Institute’s first female student and instructor, through the present day, when a number of women with backgrounds in biology, biological engineering, chemistry, and chemical engineering — the subjects of focus in this exhibit — hold leadership positions at the Institute, including President Sally Kornbluth, Vice Provost for Faculty Paula Hammond, and Professor Amy Keating, who heads the Department of Biology. 

Exhibit curator Thera Webb, Women@MIT project archivist, explains the exhibit title’s double meaning: “The women featured in 'Under the Lens' are scientists whose work engages with the materials of our world on a molecular level, using the lens of a microscope,” she says. “The title also plays on the fact that women’s ability to work as scientists and academics has been scrutinized through the lens of public opinion since Victorian-era debates about co-education.”

Items for the exhibit, selected from Distinctive Collections, demonstrate the experiences of women students, research staff, and faculty. They include the 1870 handwritten faculty meeting notes admitting Richards, then Ellen Henrietta Swallow, as MIT’s first female student, stating “the Faculty are of the opinion that the admission of women as special students is as yet in the nature of an experiment.” Materials from alumna and late professor ChoKyun Rha’s “Rheological Characterization of Printing Ink,” circa 1979, include images of the development process of ink and data from experiments. Also on display are a lab coat and rodent brain tissue slides from the neuroscience laboratory of Susan Hockfield, MIT’s 16th president.

“The collections we have related to women at MIT not only show us what their academic and professional interests were, with items like lab notebooks and drafts of papers, but also how our MIT community has been actively supporting women in science,” says Webb. “Many of our alumnae and faculty have been involved with the founding of groups like the Association of American University Women, the MIT Women’s Association, the Association for Women in Science, and the Women in Chemistry Group.”

“Under the Lens: Women Biologists and Chemists at MIT 1865-2024” is on view in the Maihaugen Gallery (Room 14N-130) through June 21. There is an accompanying digital exhibit available on the MIT Libraries’ website.

Sisters in Making

“Sisters in Making: Prototyping and the Feminine Resilience,” on view in Rotch Library, explores the unseen women, often referred to as “weavers,” who were instrumental to the development of computers. The exhibit, the work of Deborah Tsogbe SM '23 and Soala Ajienka, a current architecture graduate student, spotlights the women who built the core rope memory and magnetic core memory for the Apollo Guidance Computer.

“While we ultimately know the names of the first men on the Moon, and of those who spearheaded the engineering initiatives behind the Apollo 11 mission, the names of the countless women who had a vital hand in realizing these feats have been missing from historical discourse,” Tsogbe and Ajienka write. “The focus of our work has been to uncover the names and faces of these women, who held important positions including overseeing communications, checking codes, running calculations, and weaving memory.”

Working in the archives, Tsogbe and Ajienka sought to identify the women involved in this endeavor, going through personnel logs, press releases, and other historical artifacts. Originally focused on the women working on rope memory, they broadened the scope of women involved in the journey to the moon and were able to name 534 women across 29 classes of work and nine organizations. Tsogbe and Ajienka fabricated a core memory prototype with the names of some of these women stored; they were technicians, data key punchers, engineers, librarians, and office staff from MIT, Raytheon, and NASA. Called the “memory dialer,” the prototype is intended to be a living archive.

Tsogbe and Ajienka created “Sisters in Making” as 2023 Women@MIT Fellows. This fellowship invites scholars, artists, and others to showcase materials from Distinctive Collections in engaging ways that contribute to greater understanding of the history of women at MIT and in STEM. The project also received a grant from the Council for the Arts at MIT.

“Deborah and Soala’s exhibit shows the variety of ways that the rich materials in the Women@MIT collections can be used,” says Webb. “Projects like these really highlight the value of historical collections in ways outside of traditional scholarly publications.”

“Sisters in Making: Prototyping and the Feminine Resilience” is on view in Rotch Library (Room 7-238) through April 8.

Surveillance through Push Notifications

Schneier on Security - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 7:06am

The Washington Post is reporting on the FBI’s increasing use of push notification data—”push tokens”—to identify people. The police can request this data from companies like Apple and Google without a warrant.

The investigative technique goes back years. Court orders that were issued in 2019 to Apple and Google demanded that the companies hand over information on accounts identified by push tokens linked to alleged supporters of the Islamic State terrorist group.

But the practice was not widely understood until December, when Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), in a ...

Oil sands driller blasts Canadian government for lack of CCS support

ClimateWire News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 6:36am
Canada’s oil sands producers have banded together to propose a carbon capture system that would help cut emissions from operations by 22 million metric tons by 2030 and help them become carbon neutral by 2050.

Morocco will need more wheat imports as another drought looms

ClimateWire News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 6:35am
The North African country, a major wheat importer that depends heavily on agriculture, has faced a series of droughts in recent years.

European Central Bank official’s climate comments draw staff rebuke

ClimateWire News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 6:34am
Whether and how the ECB should get involved in the fight against climate change has been a matter of debate for years.

UN warns of climate change's impact on rural households run by women

ClimateWire News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 6:34am
A new report found female-headed rural households lose on average 8 percent more of their income during heat waves and 3 percent more during floods, compared to male-headed households.

Realtors join FEMA in calling for flood insurance overhaul

ClimateWire News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 6:23am
The allies are pushing Congress to extend the program before it expires later this month.

Florida lawmakers force home sellers to disclose floods — sometimes

ClimateWire News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 6:22am
The measure was adopted unanimously after the removal of two key provisions.

US makes first arrest of greenhouse gas smuggler

ClimateWire News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 6:21am
A California resident faces charges under a 2020 law that seeks to curb powerful planet-warming hydrofluorocarbons.

A Superfund for climate? These states are pushing for it.

ClimateWire News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 6:20am
Fossil fuel companies would pay for climate damages under legislation that Vermont and at least three other states are considering.

Nicole McGaa: Ensuring safe travels in space

MIT Latest News - Wed, 03/06/2024 - 12:00am

What do meteor showers, medicine, and MIT have in common? Aerospace engineering major Nicole McGaa.

The senior has long been drawn to both space and medicine. Growing up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, she would search for good hillsides for watching meteor showers with her brother and father. Meanwhile, her favorite TV shows featured doctors and healers as main characters. The “Star Trek” series was a particular favorite, not just for characters like the physician Beverly Crusher but also for its scientific subject matter and diverse cast.

“I saw space as a place that was open for possibilities. The fact that ‘Star Trek’ is in a space setting is what invites people to think about what the future will be like and if it will it be better,” McGaa says. “Can we use space as a catalyst to make society more equitable?”

When it came time to choose a path after high school, McGaa says, “I thought, ‘Space and medicine are the two things that I really enjoy, I'll pick one of them eventually.’ But I got to MIT, and I realized by fate that MIT was one of the few places in the world that did space medicine, and things took off from there.”

McGaa’s research in bioastronautics, which is the study of biological systems in space, centers around making space travel safer for human bodies and minds. In the future, she envisions herself working with astronauts in a clinical setting, researching and characterizing the physiological impacts of spaceflight and creating countermeasures for such effects through physical, mechanical, or pharmaceutical solutions.

Emergency medicine

McGaa credits her time as a certified EMT with MIT Emergency Medical Services for guiding her path in bioastronautics and giving her the clinical perspective necessary for her work. “Space medicine is very much tied to emergency medicine,” she explains. “A lot of the people who first did space medicine then work in the ER, and many continue to this day to do both. It’s been good for me to help people directly while I'm also trying to help people at a more aspirational level through space.”

McGaa joined MIT EMS during her first year at the Institute, inspired by the kindness and care she received from an ER nurse in her past. As an EMT, she wished to provide such compassion for others, or, better yet, help them avoid medical emergencies completely.

Participating in MIT EMS is one of the most rewarding things she’s done at MIT, according to McGaa. She says responding to emergency calls on campus and throughout Boston and Cambridge, and learning how to provide care alongside other passionate volunteers has been invaluable to her life goals as a medical provider.

Indigenous science

Indigenous representation at MIT and in the scientific community at large is significant to McGaa, who is Oglala Lakota. With the Native American and Indigenous Association, of which she is now the co-president, she has worked to advance initiatives supporting Indigenous people at the Institute, through efforts such as establishing the Indigenous Peoples’ Center, revising MIT’s land acknowledgment, and successfully advocating for the hiring of MIT’s first tenure-track Native American professor.

McGaa continues to work on expanding inclusionary measures for Native students on campus. She is seeking approval for a smudging policy that would allow Indigenous students to engage in the religious practice of burning sage in select areas. Creating a space for students to participate in cultural traditions that they have been historically deprived of is an important way to promote community, according to McGaa, “Native students are, like me, trying to understand and reconnect with our traditions and culture. My generation is really trying to decolonize our identities to heal the kind of pain that our parents and grandparents went through.”

Last year, McGaa assembled an Indigenous rocketry team for First Nations Launch, a national competition in which students compete through designing, building, and launching a high-powered rocket. This was MIT’s first time sending a team, and McGaa headed the project as captain, elected by her peers.

Out-of-this-world research

The bioastronautics field offers a broad array of research topics. McGaa’s focus is on understanding the physiology of astronauts and designing countermeasures for the effects of space exploration that could be useful for people on Earth as well.

With graduate student Rachel Bellisle and Professor and Media Lab Director Dava Newman, McGaa has worked on MIT’s Gravity Loading Countermeasure Skinsuit, which helps astronauts avoid muscle and bone loss during duration spaceflight. This research aligns with McGaa’s overall goal to address different “physiological detriments” caused by space. She also hopes to study spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome, or SANS, a poorly understood condition that involves the brain and eye changes that impact astronauts. She plans to make this the focus of her studies moving forward, in a PhD program, likely followed by an MD degree.

As an undergraduate, McGaa also interned at the NASA Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center with Northrop Grumman Co. where she worked in test flight. And last summer, she worked at Blue Origin in fault management and systems autonomy in aerospace engineering. Noting the contrast between the longstanding government agency and the much newer company, she credited these experiences with strengthening her discipline and initiative, respectively.

To McGaa, all the areas she has explored at MIT, while seemingly varied, fall together in a cohesive way. “Emergency medicine, Indigenous science and advocacy, and space medicine, all connect to my Indigenous values, of excellence in engineering, and caretaking, and community,” she says. Making conditions better for humans in space, the “most hostile environment possible,” will translate to benefits for humanity on Earth as well. “The whole point of going to space is to solve hard things,” she says. “Space is not just for operational drive, it’s clearly for inspirational ambition, as well.”

“This MIT Bootcamp shook everything upside down and has given me the spirit of innovation”

MIT Latest News - Tue, 03/05/2024 - 4:15pm

A new MIT Bootcamps hybrid program recently convened 34 innovators to tackle substance use disorder from multiple perspectives. Together, they built and pitched new ventures with the goal of bringing life-saving innovations to the field.

The Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Ventures program featured workshops, case studies, and interactive sessions with researchers, entrepreneurs, and doctors who brought a multidisciplinary approach to tackling early detection, access to care and health equity, dual diagnosis, treatment, and relapse prevention. Through a rigorous selection process, the program cohort was chosen for their complementary, diverse backgrounds along with their passion for solving problems related to substance use.

Hybrid by design, the first three months of the program consisted of foundational work online, including a new asynchronous SUD 101 course led by Brown University Professor Carolina Haass-Koffler and live online sessions focused on topics like intellectual property and technology transfer. The program concluded with a five-day MIT Bootcamp on campus, where learners built and pitched a new venture to a panel of judges.

“Building a venture in the substance use disorder space is exceptionally challenging,” says Hanna Adeyema, director of MIT Bootcamps. “Our goal was not only to educate our learners but also to inspire and to ignite a sense of community. We achieved it by building relationships in a diverse group united by a shared vision to bring lifesaving products to market.”

Helping to solve an epidemic

In 2021, more than 46 million people suffered from substance use disorder in the United States. This means one out of every seven people in the U.S. can benefit from innovations in this field. In 2022, MIT Open Learning received a grant from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) to create an entrepreneurship program for substance use disorder researchers. As the primary source of early-stage funding in this space, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NIDA are focused on initiatives, like the MIT Bootcamps SUD Ventures program, to help bring innovation to the field. 

Armed with a deep expertise in innovation and immersive educational experiences, MIT Open Learning’s team, including MIT Bootcamps, hit the ground running to build the SUD Ventures program. Other team members included Cynthia Breazeal, Erdin Beshimov, Carolina Haass-Koffler, Aikaterini “Katerina” Bagiati, and Andrés Felipe Salazar-Gómez. 

"The program connected substance use disorder knowledge and resources, including funding opportunities, to entrepreneurial competences and multifaceted skills of the learners,” says Cynthia Breazeal, dean for digital learning at MIT Open Learning and principal investigator for the project. “We have delivered a dynamic learning experience, sensitive to the root causes behind the innovation deficit in this field.”  

Instilling the spirit of innovation  

With 10-hour days, the immersive program blended formal and informal instruction to deliver a holistic and practical educational experience on substance use disorder and innovation. Learners attended case studies with health care companies like Prapela, Invistics, and RTM Vital Signs, moderated by Erdin Beshimov, the founder of MIT Bootcamps. They also attended workshops by MIT faculty, lectures by members of the NIH and NIDA, and interactive sessions with local startup veterans and medical professionals. 

Learners walked away from the sessions motivated to solve problems, equipped with tangible next steps for their businesses. Bill Aulet inspired learners to leverage their own innovation ecosystems and shared how MIT is “raising the bar” of the quality of entrepreneurship education. Professor Eric von Hippel, a pioneer of user innovation, encouraged learners to tap into clinicians, nurses, and individuals with lived and living experiences as an important source of innovation within the health-care system. To give the clinical perspective from Massachusetts General Hospital, cardiac anesthesiologist Nathaniel Sims and former MGH Innovation Support Center director Harry DeMonaco energized learners with a personal story of successfully bringing medical device innovation to market and how to work with hospitals and early-stage adopters.

“This MIT Bootcamp shook everything upside down and has given me the spirit of innovation and what it looks like to be able to work in a big way, and to be able to think in an even bigger way,” says learner Melissa “Dr. Mo” Dittberner. A resident of Volin, South Dakota, Dittberner is the CEO and founder of Straight Up Care, a platform for peer specialists to help people with mental health and substance use disorders. As an entrepreneur in the substance use disorder space, Dittberner knows what it takes to bring a business to life.

Bridging disciplines to create impact

In the evenings, the cohort broke out into teams of five to collaborate on building a venture related to substance use disorder. Coaches provided guidance and the tough feedback teams need in order to build a venture that solves a real problem. With vast differences in age, background, industry, and how they came to make an impact on substance use disorder, each team had experts in many different verticals, ultimately leading learners to a more thoughtful and potent solution. 

“One of the things MIT Bootcamps does really well is bring multiple disciplines to innovate together,” says Smit Patel, a pharmacist and digital health strategist who participated in the program. “We have seen a lot of silo innovation happening [in health care]. We have also seen problems being solved in piecemeal. How can we come together as a collective force — clinician and entrepreneur, a technologist, someone who has gone through this experience themselves — to build a solution?”

Dittberner echoed Patel’s sentiment, emphasizing the strength of the MIT Bootcamps community. “They’ve all kind of brought this different flavor,” Dittberner says. “I have created friendships and bonds that will last forever, which is so crucial to being able to be successful in the [SUD] space.” 

Intent on building a community of domain expert entrepreneurs, the SUD Ventures program will continue to bring together innovators to solve acute problems in the substance use space. With another three years of funding for this program, Adeyema says MIT Bootcamps’ goal is to nurture the community of innovators brought together by this program, enabling them to bring their ventures to life and create meaningful impact to society.

This program and its research are supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health. This award is subject to the Cooperative Agreement Terms and Conditions of Award as set forth in RFA DA-22-020, entitled "Growing Great Ideas: Research Education Course in Product Development and Entrepreneurship for Life Science Researchers." The content of this publication is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the National Institutes of Health. 

European Court of Human Rights Confirms: Weakening Encryption Violates Fundamental Rights

EFF: Updates - Tue, 03/05/2024 - 9:09am

In a milestone judgment—Podchasov v. Russiathe European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has ruled that weakening of encryption can lead to general and indiscriminate surveillance of the communications of all users and violates the human right to privacy.  

In 2017, the landscape of digital communication in Russia faced a pivotal moment when the government required Telegram Messenger LLP and other “internet communication” providers to store all communication data—and content—for specified durations. These providers were also required to supply law enforcement authorities with users’ data, the content of their communications, as well as any information necessary to decrypt user messages. The FSB (the Russian Federal Security Service) subsequently ordered Telegram to assist in decrypting the communications of specific users suspected of engaging in terrorism-related activities.

Telegram opposed this order on the grounds that it would create a backdoor that would undermine encryption for all of its users. As a result, Russian courts fined Telegram and ordered the blocking of its app within the country. The controversy extended beyond Telegram, drawing in numerous users who contested the disclosure orders in Russian courts. A Russian citizen, Mr Podchasov, escalated the issue to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), arguing that forced decryption of user communication would infringe on the right to private life under Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), which reads as follows:  

Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence (Article 8 ECHR, right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence) 

EFF has always stood against government intrusion into the private lives of users and advocated for strong privacy guarantees, including the right to confidential communication. Encryption not only safeguards users’ privacy but also protects their right to freedom of expression protected under international human rights law. 

In a great victory for privacy advocates, the ECtHR agreed. The Court found that the requirement of continuous, blanket storage of private user data interferes with the right to privacy under the Convention, emphasizing that the possibility for national authorities to access these data is a crucial factor for determining a human rights violation [at 53]. The Court identified the inherent risks of arbitrary government action in secret surveillance in the present case and found again—following its stance in Roman Zakharov v. Russia—that the relevant legislation failed to live up to the quality of law standards and lacked the adequate and effective safeguards against misuse [75].  Turning to a potential justification for such interference, the ECtHR emphasized the need of a careful balancing test that considers the use of modern data storage and processing technologies and weighs the potential benefits against important private-life interests [62-64]. 

In addressing the State mandate for service providers to submit decryption keys to security services, the court's deliberations culminated in the following key findings [76-80]:

  1. Encryption being important for protecting the right to private life and other fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression: The ECtHR emphasized the importance of encryption technologies for safeguarding the privacy of online communications. Encryption safeguards and protects the right to private life generally while also supporting the exercise of other fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression.
  2. Encryption as a shield against abuses: The Court emphasized the role of encryption to provide a robust defense against unlawful access and generally “appears to help citizens and businesses to defend themselves against abuses of information technologies, such as hacking, identity and personal data theft, fraud and the improper disclosure of confidential information.” The Court held that this must be given due consideration when assessing measures which could weaken encryption.
  3. Decryption of communications orders weakens the encryption for all users: The ECtHR established that the need to decrypt Telegram's "secret chats" requires the weakening of encryption for all users. Taking note again of the dangers of restricting encryption described by many experts in the field, the Court held that backdoors could be exploited by criminal networks and would seriously compromise the security of all users’ electronic communications. 
  4. Alternatives to decryption: The ECtHR took note of a range of alternative solutions to compelled decryption that would not weaken the protective mechanisms, such as forensics on seized devices and better-resourced policing.  

In light of these findings, the Court held that the mandate to decrypt end-to-end encrypted communications risks weakening the encryption mechanism for all users, which was a disproportionate to the legitimate aims pursued. 

In summary [80], the Court concluded that the retention and unrestricted state access to internet communication data, coupled with decryption requirements, cannot be regarded as necessary in a democratic society, and are thus unlawful. It emphasized that a direct access of authorities to user data on a generalized basis and without sufficient safeguards impairs the very essence of the right to private life under the Convention. The Court also highlighted briefs filed by the European Information Society Institute (EISI) and Privacy International, which provided insight into the workings of end-to-end encryption and explained why mandated backdoors represent an illegal and disproportionate measure. 

Impact of the ECtHR ruling on current policy developments 

The ruling is a landmark judgment, which will likely draw new normative lines about human rights standards for private and confidential communication. We are currently supporting Telegram in its parallel complaint to the ECtHR, contending that blocking its app infringes upon fundamental rights. As part of a collaborative efforts of international human rights and media freedom organisations, we have submitted a third-party intervention to the ECtHR, arguing that blocking an entire app is a serious and disproportionate restriction on freedom of expression. That case is still pending. 

The Podchasov ruling also directly challenges ongoing efforts in Europe to weaken encryption to allow access and scanning of our private messages and pictures.

For example, the controversial UK's Online Safety Act creates the risk that online platforms will use software to search all users’ photos, files, and messages, scanning for illegal content. We recently submitted comments to the relevant UK regulator (Ofcom) to avoid any weakening of encryption when this law becomes operational. 

In the EU, we are concerned about the European Commission’s message-scanning proposal (CSAR) as being a disaster for online privacy. It would allow EU authorities to compel online services to scan users’ private messages and compare users’ photos to against law enforcement databases or use error-prone AI algorithms to detect criminal behavior. Such detection measures will inevitably lead to dangerous and unreliable Client-Side Scanning practices, undermining the essence of end-to-end encryption. As the ECtHR deems general user scanning as disproportionate, specifically criticizing measures that weaken existing privacy standards, forcing platforms like WhatsApp or Signal to weaken security by inserting a vulnerability into all users’ devices to enable message scanning must be considered unlawful

The EU regulation proposal is likely to be followed by other proposals to grant law enforcement access to encrypted data and communications. An EU high level expert group on ‘access to data for effective law enforcement’ is expected to make policy recommendations to the next EU Commission in mid-2024. 

We call on lawmakers to take the Court of Human Rights ruling seriously: blanket and indiscriminate scanning of user communication and the general weakening of encryption for users is unacceptable and unlawful. 

The Insecurity of Video Doorbells

Schneier on Security - Tue, 03/05/2024 - 7:05am

Consumer Reports has analyzed a bunch of popular Internet-connected video doorbells. Their security is terrible.

First, these doorbells expose your home IP address and WiFi network name to the internet without encryption, potentially opening your home network to online criminals.

[…]

Anyone who can physically access one of the doorbells can take over the device—no tools or fancy hacking skills needed.

UK wind farm to pay $6.9M for breaching market rules

ClimateWire News - Tue, 03/05/2024 - 6:48am
Dorenell Windfarm, which charged excessive prices to curb output to keep the grid balanced, raised consumer costs, the U.K. energy regulator said.

UAE to convene climate finance meeting in buildup to COP29

ClimateWire News - Tue, 03/05/2024 - 6:47am
The idea is to pave the way for a dramatic acceleration of climate finance for developing countries at the next U.N. conference in Baku, Azerbaijan.

France balks at EU green goals, backs sovereign energy mix

ClimateWire News - Tue, 03/05/2024 - 6:46am
EU member states should determine their own energy package to hit climate targets, said French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire.

Europe’s biggest pension fund ABP tightens green guardrails

ClimateWire News - Tue, 03/05/2024 - 6:46am
“Companies that are inextricably linked to climate change and cannot or do not want to change are no longer suitable for us,” the Dutch pension fund said.

Most Republicans support expanding clean energy — survey

ClimateWire News - Tue, 03/05/2024 - 6:45am
The Pew Research Center finds that Republicans aged 18 to 29 are also far less supportive of increasing fossil fuel production than older GOP voters.

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